تقرير life in uae between past & present

طالب جديد السٌّمعَة : 30 نقاط : 61

H.H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al NahyanPresident of the United Arab Emirates

تقرير life in uae between past & present Zayed

Guiding
the progress of the United Arab Emirates since it was established in
1971 has been President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al Nahyan,
who has also been Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi since 1966, and who
played a major role in the conceiving of the concept of the federation.
Born
in 1918, the son of a younger brother of the then Ruler of Abu Dhabi,
Sheikh Zayed is the grandson of Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa, (Sheikh Zayed
the Great), who had ruled Abu Dhabi from 1855-1909, the longest reign in
the Emirate's history. His father, Sheikh Sultan, was briefly Ruler
between 1922 and 1926, and then, after a brief reign by an uncle, Sheikh
Zayed's eldest brother, Sheikh Shakhbut, became Ruler at the beginning
of 1928.
At the time, the Emirate of Abu
Dhabi, like the other states along what was then known as the Trucial
Coast, was in treaty relations with Britain, which had first established
its presence in the region as early as 1820, signing a series of
agreement on maritime truce with the local rulers that gave the area its
name.
Abu Dhabi was poor and undeveloped,
with an economy largely based upon the traditional combination of
fishing and pearl-diving along the coast, and simple agriculture in the
scattered oases, like those at Liwa and Al Ain inland. When the world
market for the Gulf's high-quality pearls collapsed in the late nineteen
twenties and early nineteen thirties, owing to the invention by the
Japanese of the cultured pearl and the world economic depression, the
already poor emirate suffered a catastrophic blow to its economy. Sheikh
Zayed's family, like their people, fell upon hard times.
When
the young Zayed was growing up, there was not a single modern school
anywhere along the coast. He, like his fellows, received only a basic
instruction in the principles of Islam from the local Islamic preacher,
although an enthusiasm and a thirst for knowledge took him out into the
desert with the Bedouin tribesmen, absorbing all he could about the way
of life of the people, their traditional skills and their hard-won
ability to survive under the harsh climatic conditions.
These
early years not only taught Sheikh Zayed about his country, they also
brought him into contact with the people, and by the nineteen thirties,
when he was scarcely out of his teens, his brother Sheikh Shakhbut found
that Zayed was well worthy of his trust. When the first geological
survey teams from foreign oil companies arrived to carry out a
preliminary surface survey of the trackless wastes of Abu Dhabi's
deserts, it was Sheikh Zayed who was assigned the task of guiding them.
He
performed well, living up to all the expectations placed in him, and in
1946, shortly before the search for oil began in earnest after the end
of the Second World War, he was the obvious choice to fill a vacancy as
Ruler's Representative in the inland oasis of Al Ain, then a mere
cluster of small villages, although today a thriving city with a
population nearing 200,000.
One early
European visitor to Al Ain shortly after Sheikh Zayed took over was an
oil company representative, Edward Henderson, who, more than forty years
later, is now an Adviser in the Centre for ********ation and Research
in Abu Dhabi. In his memoirs, he recalls the impression that Sheikh
Zayed made upon him.
Zayed was then about thirty years old, Henderson recalls.
He
was hand- some, with humorous and intelligent eyes, of fine presence
and bearing, simply dressed, and clearly a man of action and resolution.
Although
he was young, and had only been formally in charge of the Abu Dhabi
sector of the oasis and its surrounding deserts for some two years, he
was experienced in the politics of the region, and was already by far
the most prominent personality in the area. He had a sure touch with the
Bedouin.
Sheikh Zayed's task of Ruler's
Representative not only involved the relatively simple job of
administering Al Ain itself, but stretched over a far wider area, giving
the young Zayed an opportunity to learn the practice of Government and
also, during the Buraimi dispute of the late nineteen forties and early
nineteen fifties, gave him experience of the wider world.

تقرير life in uae between past & present Zayed2

Tribes
from throughout the desert region of the Emirate, and from far away
deep into Inner Oman, grew to trust Sheikh Zayed as a conciliator and as
a mediator in disputes, a man whose even-handed justice earned respect
from all. The same patient and painstaking efforts to resolve arguments
between brothers teamed in Al Ain can still be seen today in Sheikh
Zayed's equally patient and painstaking efforts to solve the disputes
between brotherly Arab countries.
Sheikh
Zayed also had the task of guiding the development of Al Ain itself.
Putting the scanty resources at his disposal to work, he ensured that
the 'falajes' were cleaned out, and built a new one, helping to
stimulate agriculture in the area. The process was aided by a decision
from the Al Nahyan family that their own private shares of the water
supply should be turned over to the public, setting an example that
others were swift to follow.
This growth in
agriculture in turn encouraged Al Ain to develop its traditional
position as market centre for the whole region, bringing new business
and prosperity - even if on a small scale. And, in a foretaste of the
massive afforestation programme that has today changed the very face of
the Emirate, Sheikh Zayed began the planting of ornamental and
decorative trees that are today grown to maturity.
Working
with scanty resources, but generating a new optimism among the people
of the area, Sheikh Zayed was able to move ahead with the development of
the Al Ain area faster than anyone, except perhaps himself, would have
expected.
In 1953, accompanying his brother,
Sheikh Zayed made his first trip to Europe, visiting Paris for legal
hearings on an oil dispute, and being impressed by the Eiffel Tower, and
going on to Britain. In interviews years later, he recalled how his
first impressions had included the schools and the hospitals enjoyed by
the people. When Abu Dhabi had money, he decided, such facilities should
be provided for his own people.
The Paris
legal hearings, where judgement was in favour of Abu Dhabi, were a sign
of the change that was shortly to begin to sweep across the Emirate as
oil exploration got under way.
The first
exploration well in Abu Dhabi had been drilled at Ras Sadr in 1950, to
be followed by others in what is now the Western Region, and then with
other wells offshore. By 1958, the first commercial oil-fields were
discovered, first onshore, in the Bab field, and then offshore, at Umm
Shaif. The first export cargo of oil left Abu Dhabi in 1962.
With
the oil revenues beginning to flow, the people of Abu Dhabi were eager
to share in the development that they could see already taking place in
other oil-producing emirates further up the Gulf. With the record of his
achievements as Ruler's Representative in Al Ain, Sheikh Zayed was the
natural choice to preside over this process, and, in August 1966, he
succeeded as Ruler of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.
He
was a man in a hurry. The oil revenues were swelling year by year as
new fields were discovered and brought on stream, while, at the same
time, the rising expectations of the people meant that the development
programme had to get under way equally fast. Moving quickly to establish
the first formal Government structure for the Emirate, Sheikh Zayed
embarked upon a large-scale construction programme, building roads and
schools, housing and hospitals, not just in the capital of the Emirate,
Abu Dhabi, and in Al Ain, but extending out to the Bedouin settlements
in the desert, to ensure that the benefits of the new wealth taken out
to the people.
At the same time, Sheikh
Zayed also saw clearly that Britain would not forever maintain her
presence in the Gulf, and that the Emirates of the region would need to
come together in co-operation and partnership if they were to enjoy a
stable and prosperous future.
Less than
eighteen months after he became Ruler, in January 1968, Sheikh Zayed was
visited by a British Minister who had come to inform him, and the other
Sheikhs of the Trucial Coast, that the British military and political
presence in the Arabian Gulf would cease at the end of 1971.
Sheikh
Zayed was ready to react. In early February, Sheikh Zayed met at As
Sameeh, half way between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, with the Ruler of Dubai,
His Highness Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum. now the UAE's Vice
President and Prime Minister. The two men agreed to establish a
federation between their two emirates, and invited the other five
Trucial States, as well as Qatar and Bahrain, to join them.
The
wisdom of the move was widely recognised, although it took nearly four
years, and some hard bargaining, before the seven Trucial States agreed
to form a federation. Qatar and Bahrain chose to proceed to a separate
independence, but are now closely linked with the UAE through the Gulf
Co-Operation Council. Sheikh Zayed's own determination, powers of
conciliation, and willingness to compromise for the common good were
crucial in the eventual success of the negotiations, and when the
federation of the United Arab Emirates was officially formed in 1971,
Sheikh Zayed was the logical choice as the President of the new state.
After
decades or centuries of a separate existence, the individual emirates
moved into a new period of their history when the flag of the new state
was raised on December 2nd 1971, facing the future as one.
During
the eighteen years that have followed Sheikh Zayed has continued to
preside over the fortunes of his people, now extending throughout the
whole of the United Arab Emirates, rather than being confined simply to
the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Re-elected three times as President, in 1976,
1981 and 1986, he enjoys, and deserves, the confidence of fellow Rulers
and citizens alike, for since the state was established, it has
successfully passed through an utter transformation from a backward
country to one of the fastest developing in the world, and has done so
without the accompanying social, political and economic disruption that
has marred the development process in so many other countries.

تقرير life in uae between past & present Abudbefore

تقرير life in uae between past & present Abudafter

Abu Dhabi Cournish in the 1960s and 1970s.
In
1971, the United Arab Emirates had a population of only some 180,000,
but, latest figures suggest, it has now risen ten-fold to around 1.8
million. Where there were only a few thousand children at school, mainly
boys, now there are over 300,000 studying, boys and girls, in schools
that extend to the smallest desert village and mountain settlement, as
well as covering the main population centres. Abu Dhabi's first
university graduates, educated abroad, returned home only in the
mid-nineteen sixties. Now there are over 8,000 students at the Emirates
University in the burgeoning green and pleasant oasis-city of Al Ain,
while several hundred more are hard at work in the six Higher Colleges
for Technology in Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and Dubai.
The
youth of the country, 'the real wealth of the nation,' in Sheikh
Zayed's words, now have the access to the opportunities they, and Sheikh
Zayed himself, lacked. And they, in turn, are making use of those
opportunities to contribute to the building of their country - in the
oil industry, in business, in Government, and now in sport, with the UAE
national soccer team qualifying in 1989 for the World Cup in Italy.
If
Sheikh Zayed is a father to his people, he has made it clear that the
responsibilities of parenthood apply to the UAE's women as well as to
the men. He rejects the suggestion that women have no place at work.
"Women have the right to work everywhere," he says.
"Islam", Sheikh Zayed notes, "gives women their
rightful status, and encourages them to work in all sectors, as long as
they are afforded the appropriate respect. 'Me basic role of women is
the upbringing of children, but over and above that, we have to support
and encourage any woman who chooses to perform other functions."
With
around half of the country's potential workforce of nationals being
women, and with thousands of young female as well as male University
graduates now entering the job market, the UAE's women can be found
playing an increasingly important role in commerce and the health
services, in education and banking, in Government and administration.
Drawing
upon the lessons during his days as Ruler's Representative in Al Ain,
Sheikh Zayed has coaxed and encouraged the people of the Emirates over
the course of the past eighteen years to work together to build the new
state, and to realize that whatever differences may have divided their
fathers in the past, these pale into insignificance against the common
heritage, and common interests that unite, rather than divide.
That
message has been put forward to in speeches to formal bodies like the
Federal National Council, in interviews with the media, and, perhaps
most telling of all, in the informal conversations with the people that
are a feature of his rule.
Never happier
than when he is able to slip away from the cares of office to visit the
people in the desert, mountains and offshore islands, Sheikh Zayed
ensures in this way that he preserves the traditional custom of
unimpeded access to a tribal sheikh, and, at the same time, ensures that
he can keep his finger firmly upon the pulse of public opinion.
Such
a process is, inevitably, a two-way affair, as it always has been.
Sheikh Zayed uses such occasions not only to listen, but to talk, to
urge people to work together for the good of all. They also give him the
opportunity to explain his own pre-occupations and concerns, such as
his determination to realize his old dream of making the desert green,
of fuming this and desert land into one of forests, parks and gardens.
The
city of Al Ain, where he first had the opportunity to try to achieve
this dream, is a city of greenery, while Abu Dhabi, which has won the
accolade of Garden City of the Gulf, has dozens of parks and gardens, a
far cry from the dusty coastal village it was when Sheikh Zayed became
Ruler a little over twenty years ago.
In
consultation and mediation, Sheikh Zayed now has more than forty years
of experience upon which to draw, and it has become apparent in the
years since the UAE was formed that those skills developed in the desert
and honed in Al Ain have a relevance far beyond the borders of the
Emirates.
Deeply and unshakably committed to
the long term objective of Arab unity, Sheikh Zayed has spared no
efforts in offering to mediate between his fellow Arabs and between his
neighbours. An advocate of co-operation, he was the leading light in the
formation of the six-member Gulf Co-Operation Council, which was
established at a summit meeting in Abu Dhabi in May 1981.
Never
happy at the division between Egypt and the rest of the Arab world ,
Sheikh Zayed took the lead in moves to reintegrate Egypt into the Arab
fold a couple of years ago, while the UAE was one of the first Arab
states to accord recognition to the new state of Palestine, in line with
a consistent policy of support for the people of Palestine and their
legitimate representative, the Palestine Liberation Organisation. He has
also played a leading role in calling upon the Arab states to exert
their influence to end the communal slaughter in Lebanon, which, as he
has warned since it began nearly fifteen years ago, threatens not only
the Lebanese, but the whole of the Arab world.
During
the long conflict between Iraq and Iran, he used every channel open to
him to urge the two warring parties to cease their senseless bloodshed,
while he continues to urge both parties, the UAE's friends and
neighbours, to make the moves necessary to end the deadlock in
negotiations that has stymied international efforts to convert the
August 1988 ceasefire into a permanent and just settlement.
Not
just a committed Arab nationalist, but also a devout Muslim, Sheikh
Zayed has also ensured that the United Arab Emirates has adopted a
consistent policy of support for the poor and downtrodden world-wide.
Countries throughout the developing world have been able to count upon a
steady flow of concessionary aid, and more than five billion US dollars
have now been provided through grants, loans and equity participation
to more than forty countries in three continents.
Sheikh
Zayed believes that the oil wealth with which the Emirates has been
blessed is something that should be shared with other countries less
fortunate not out of enlightened self-interest, however worthy such an
attitude may be, but as a duty. Narrow particularism, he believes,
serves neither man nor mankind in a increasingly inter-dependent world.
Like
his people, Sheikh Zayed knows what it is to be poor, to be thirsty and
to be hungry. It is, after all, only three decades since oil was first
discovered in Abu Dhabi. Since then, and, more especially since the
United Arab Emirates was established, progress has been so fast as to be
almost unimaginable a generation ago. Only some-one with extra-ordinary
vision could have conceived of the possibility of such changes - let
alone to have worked to see them come true.
The
people of UAE have been fortunate in having such a man as leader, who
in more than forty years of Government, in Al Ain, then in Abu Dhabi,
then in the UAE as a whole, has guided and presided over the change. In
that task, he has been guided by his deeply-held faith of Islam. In
Sheikh Zayed's eyes, Islam is not a fatalistic faith. It is one of
submission to the will of God, but not of accepting one's lot without
seeking to improve it; one that enjoins every believer to do what he can
to help the less fortunate, and to treat every human being as equal.
"It is Islam that asks every Moslem to respect
every person," Sheikh Zayed believes. "Not, I emphasize, special people,
but every person, In short, to treat every person, no matter what his
race or creed, as a special soul is a mark of Islam. It is just such a
point, embodied in Islam's tenets, that makes us proud of Islam. To be
together, to trust each other as human beings, to behave as equals."
That
faith is the key to the man, and to an understanding of why he has
succeeded so well.هذا تقرير عن شيخ زايد و ايضا يحتوي يتضمن الماضي و
الحاضر

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تقرير life in uae between past & present

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